El Niño: Understanding the Climate Phenomenon and How Communities Can Adapt Table of Contents Introduction What Is El Niño? Why Does El Niño Occur? Global Effects of El Niño Impact on Agriculture and Food Security Water Shortages and Drought Risks Floods and Extreme Weather Events Effects on Human Health How El Niño Affects Marine Ecosystems Can El Niño Be Prevented? How to Adapt and Survive During El Niño Community-Based Solutions The Importance of Environmental Protection Future Challenges and Opportunities Conclusion